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Articles |
North Carolina State University
Ipili speakers in the highlands of Papua New Guinea creatively use the category "whiteman" both to structure their longing for socioeconomic progress and development and to critique the very institutions associated with development that they desire. This article explores the history of Ipili-white interactions from first contact in the 1930s, through the rise of indigenous mining, and up to the present to trace how "whiteness" as a category has transformed Ipili understandings of whites and the West. Today the Ipili, as landowners associated with the Porgera gold mine, are intimately entangled with development and its benefits and ills, which have prompted debate over how to build a "modern" town in the highlands.
Allen, Bryant, and Stephen Frankel 1991 Across the Tari Furoro. In Like People You See in a Dream: First Contact in Six Papuan Societies. E. Schieffelin and R. Crittenden, eds. Pp. 88-124. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Ballard, Chris 2000 The Fire Next Time: The Conversion of the Huli Apocalypse. Ethnohistory 47: 205-26.[Abstract]
Ballard, Chris, and Glenn Banks 2003 Resource Wars: The Anthropology of Mining. Annual Review of Anthropology 32: 287-313.
Bashkow, Ira 2000 "Whitemen" Are Good to Think With: How Orokaiva Morality Is Reflected on Whitemen's Skin. Identities 7: 281-332.
Basso, Keith 1979 Portraits of "The Whiteman": Linguistic Play and Cultural Symbols among the Western Apache. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Biersack, Aletta 1991 Prisoners of Time: Millenarian Praxis in a Melanesian Valley. In Clio in Oceania: Toward a Historical Anthropology. A. Biersack, ed. Pp. 231-96. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
1996 Word Made Flesh: Religion, the Economy, and the Body in the Papua New Guinea Highlands. History of Religions 36: 85-111.
1998 Sacrifice and Regeneration among Ipilis: The View from Tipinini. In Fluid Ontologies: Myth, Ritual, and Philosophy in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea. L. R. Goldman and C. Ballard, eds. Pp. 43-66. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey.
2005 On the Life and Times of the Ipili Imagination. In The Making of Global and Local Modernities in Melanesia: Humiliation, Transformation, and the Nature of Cultural Change. Joel Robbins and Holly Wardlow, eds. Pp. 135-62. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
2006 Red River, Green War: The Politics of Place along the Porgera River. In Reimagining Political Ecology. Aletta Biersack and James Greenberg, eds. Pp. 233-80. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Clark, Jeffrey 1988 Kaun and Kogono: Cargo Cults and Development in Karavar and Pangia. Oceania 59: 40-57.
1989 The Incredible Shrinking Men: Male Ideology and Development in a Southern Highlands Society. Canberra Anthropology 12: 120-43.
1997 Imagining the State, or Tribalism and the Arts of Memory in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea. In Narratives of Nation in the South Pacific. T. Otto and N. Thomas, eds. Pp. 65-90. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic.
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Denoon, Donald 2000 Getting under the Skin: The Bougainville Copper Agreement and the Creation of the Panguna Mine. Carlton South, Australia: Melbourne University Press.
Derkley, Harry, ed. 1989 The Porgera Agreements. Madang, Papua New Guinea: Enga Provincial Government.
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Gewertz, Deborah, and Frederick Errington 1999 Emerging Class in Papua New Guinea: The Telling of Difference. New York: Cambridge University Press.
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Golub, Alex 2001 Gold Positive: A Short History of Porgera, 1930-1997. Mt. Hagen: Porgera Development Authority, in association with Kristen Press, Madang, Papua New Guinea.
Griffin, James, Hank Nelson, and Stewart Firth 1979 Papua New Guinea: A Political History. Richmond: Heinemann Educational Australia.
Hagen-Sepik Patrol Report 1938-39 MSS 443, Mandeville Special Collections Library, University of California, San Diego.
Imbun, Ben 1994 Who Said Mining Companies Take and Do Not Give? The Mining Companies' Role of Social Responsibility in Papua New Guinea. Taim-Lain: A Journal of Contemporary Melanesian Studies 2: 27-42.
Jacka, Jerry 2001a On the Outside Looking In: Attitudes and Responses of Non-landowners towards Mining at Porgera. In Mining in Papua New Guinea: Analysis and Policy Implications. B. Imbun and P. McGavin, eds. Pp. 45-62. Port Moresby: University of Papua New Guinea Press.
2001b Coca-Cola and Kolo: Land, Ancestors, and Development. Anthropology Today 17: 3-8.
2002 Cults and Christianity among the Enga and Ipili. Oceania 72: 196-214.
2003 God, Gold, and the Ground: Place-Based Political Ecology in a New Guinea Borderlands. PhD diss., University of Oregon.
2007 "Our Skins Are Weak": Ipili Modernity and the Demise of Discipline. In Embodying Modernity and Postmodernity: Ritual, Praxis, and Social Change in Melanesia. S. Bamford, ed. Pp. 39-67. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic.
Jackson, Richard, and Glenn Banks 2002 In Search of the Serpent's Skin: The Story of the Porgera Gold Project. Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea: Placer Niugini.
Jebens, Holger 2000 Signs of the Second Coming: On Eschatological Expectation and Disappointment in Highland and Seaboard Papua New Guinea. Ethnohistory 47: 171-204.[Abstract]
Kirsch, Stuart 2001 Lost Worlds: Environmental Disaster, "Culture Loss," and the Law. Current Anthropology 42: 167-98.
Kituai, August 1998 My Gun, My Brother: The World of the Papua New Guinea Colonial Police, 1920-1960. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
2000 Deaths on the Mountain: An Account of Police Violence in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea. In Remembrance of Pacific Pasts. R. Borofsky, ed. Pp. 212-28. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
Knauft, Bruce 1999 From Primitive to Postcolonial in Melanesia and Anthropology. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
2002 Exchanging the Past: A Rainforest World of Before and After. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Kulick, Don 1992 Coming Up in Gapun: Conceptions of Development and Their Effect on Language in a Papua New Guinea Village. In Kam-ap or Take-off: Local Notions of Development. G. Dahl and A. Rabo, eds. Pp. 10-34. Uppsala, Sweden: Stockholm Studies in Social Anthropology.
Lattas, Andrew 1998 Cultures of Secrecy: Reinventing Race in Bush Kaliai Cargo Cults. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
Leahy, Michael 1991 Explorations into Highland New Guinea, 1930-1935. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.
May, R. J., and Matthew Spriggs, eds. 1990 The Bougainville Crisis. Bathurst, Australia: Crawford House.
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Nita, Albert 2001 New Power Structures and Environmental Management: Evidence from Porgera Gold Mine. In Mining in Papua New Guinea: Analysis and Policy Implications. B. Imbun and P. McGavin, eds. Pp. 157-72. Waigani: University of Papua New Guinea Press.
Robbins, Joel 1998 On Reading "World News": Apocalyptic Narrative, Negative Nationalism, and Transnational Christianity in a Papua New Guinea Society. Social Analysis 42: 103-30.
2004 Becoming Sinners: Christianity and Moral Torment in a Papua New Guinea Society. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Robinson, N. C. 1960 Report of Extended Patrol in the Native Mining Area of the Porgera River Western Highlands, August-October 1960. Unpublished manuscript.
Sahlins, Marshall 1981 Historical Metaphors and Mythical Realities: Structure in the Early History of the Sandwich Islands. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
1985 Islands of History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1992 The Economics of Develop-man in the Pacific. Res 21: 12-25.
Schieffelin, Edward L., and Robert Crittenden, eds. 1991 Like People You See in a Dream: First Contact in Six Papuan Societies. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Sharp, Peter 1990 The Searching Sun: The Lyeime Movement—Crisis, Tragic Events, and Folie à Deux in the Papua New Guinea Highlands. Papua New Guinea Medical Journal 33: 111-20.
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Wiessner, Polly, and Akii Tumu 1998 Historical Vines: Enga Networks of Exchange, Ritual, and Warfare in Papua New Guinea. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
2001 Averting the Bush Fire Day: Ain's Cult Revisited. In Ecology and the Sacred: Engaging the Anthropology of Roy A. Rappaport. E. Messer and M. Lambek, eds. Pp. 300-323. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
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